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By 0. H. ESCHHOZ

HARMON F. FISHER,* New York, N. Y. Mr. Eschholz discusses the particular case of large precipitators installed in connection with large metallurgical operations, and receiving their high-potential energy through the conversion of alternating current to direct current by means of the mechanical rectifier. He classifies these mechanical rectifier installations, according to source of power, as follows: System A.-Applications utilizing individual alternating-current generators, either single-phase or polyphase, installed exclusively for furnishing energy to one or more transformer-rectifier-precipitator units. System. B.-Applications having no special alternating-current generators, but utilizing the existing alternating-current industrial or lighting mains to supply the energy to one or more transformer-rectifier-precipitator units. System C.-Applications receiving their energy from high-tension power circuits supplied directly to potential regulator-rectifier-precipitator units. I do not intend here to enter upon a detailed technical discussion of the foregoing classes, which would really interest only the manufacturers of electrical apparatus and the electrical engineers. A brief general discussion follows:

Jan 11, 1918

(The following list contains the names of those members of the Institute of whose connection with military service we have only recently become acquainted; it also includes the names of a few who have recently been promoted or transferred, indicated by a *. A complete list was published in the Year Book, issued as a supplement of the Bulletin for March, 1918.) ALLEN, Roy H., Capt., Air Service, Bureau of Aircraft Production, Washington, D. C. *AMIDON, CLAUDE E., Chemical Warfare Section', Astoria, L. I. *ARCHBALD, HUGH, 311th Infantry, 78th Division, American E. F. ASKIN, THOMAS B. H., Radio Station, Cavite, P. I. *AYER, FRANK A., Lieut., Commanding Officer, -270th Aero Squadron, American E. F. BARBA, W. P., Lieut. Colonel, Ordnance, U. S. A., Washington, D. C. *BARRETT, LESLIE P., 1st Lieut., 5th Field Artillery, American E. F. BLICKENSDERFER, F. C., 1st Lieut., N. A., Ordnance Dept., Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood, Md. *BROOKS, FLOYD R.., Lieut., Canadian Engineers, Seaford, England. BROWN, GEORGE M., Co. G, 1st Replacement Regiment, Washington Barracks, D. C. *BRUNEL, LOUIS J., Lieut., 5th Field Artillery, Brigade Headquarters, American E. F. *BRUNTON, D. W., Cons. Engr., Naval Consulting Board, Washington, D. C.

Jan 11, 1918

REORGANIZING AMERICAN ENGINEERS There are in America approximately 500 engineers' organizations of various kinds, and yet it is estimated in many communities that 30 to 50. per cent. of the resident engineers are not members of any society of engineers. There is no enumeration of the engineers of the country, but estimates range from 100,000 to 300,000, the latter number probably including assistants, such as instrumentmen, draftsmen and inspectors, together with professional engineers. These local, state, regional and national organizations are for the most part independent and have no means for cooperation. Steps toward the improvement of these conditions are being taken in a number of localities and have already been taken in others. Many engineers are giving the matter serious attention. American Society of Civil-Engineers took an important action at the June meeting of its Board of Direction, by, authorizing the creation of a Committee on Development of Am. Soc. C. E. This action is now well known to all representatives on Engineering Council. Other Founder Societies axe reported to be considering similar action. Engineering Foundation, at its meeting on Sept. 12, adopted the following resolutions: Survey of Engineering Organizations BE IT RESOLVED: that the Engineering. Foundation is prepared, the four Founder Societies concurring, to devote its strength and its' income, so far as this may he required, to a study of existing engineering organizations, and from information thus developed to formulate a series of constructive recommendations which may he serviceable in guiding the further development of local and national engineering organizations in their relations to the profession of engineering, to the public and to each other, to the end that a foundation may he laid upon which to establish a broadly planned procedure, which, while recognizing and preserving all that has already been accomplished, shall increase the power of American engineers in upbuilding their profession and in the service they render to society; and RESOLVED: that in accepting the responsibility for such an undertaking, it will be the purpose of the Engineering Foundation to organize the proposed research along the broadest possible lines, to call to its aid highly qualified experts, and to avail itself of the help of agencies which may be willing to cooperate; and RESOLVED: that in proposing this research the Engineering Foundation has no desire or purpose to intrude upon the domain of individual organizations; that it does not propose to control the action of any individual or organization; nor to ask the acceptance of its conclusions; but that its purpose shall he to develop a possible procedure, or a series of such procedures, of such evident, merit that they will appeal to those who are likely to be most interested; it will do this in the belief that in so far as its work may justify the confidence of engineers and of engineering organizations, it will bear its own fruitage.

Jan 11, 1918

MILNOR ROBERTS,* Seattle, Wash. (written discussion?).-The coal fields of Washington, on which Mr. F. A. Hill's paper gives much detailed information, lie on the western slope of the Cascade Range, which extends north and south through the State just west of its center. The mines are on the lower half of the slope, the lignite fields of Lewis and Thurston Counties extending into valleys and low hills west of the mountains. An exception is to be noted in the case of the Roslyn field, a small but important area which lies on the eastern slope.

Jan 11, 1918

By Bailey, Lewis Newton

Bailey, Lewis Newton, Master Engineer, Senior Oracle, 4th Regiment, U. S. Engineers, Headquarters Company, died of pneumonia, at Camp Merritt, N. J., on April 30, 1918. Baird, Louis, Lieut., Royal Field Artillery, British Army, died on the battlefield in 1915. Ballamy, John H., Capt., 103d Engineers, killed in action near Fismes, Aug. 9, 1918. Burt, Andrew, died in active service, 1916. Cobeldick, William Morley, Royal Engineers, died from gas poisoning on October 7, 1915. Dougall, Ralph, 4th University Co., Princess Patricia Regiment, killed in action early in the war. Evans, Alfred Winter, Lieut.-Col., New Zealand Rifle Brigade, D. S. 0., D. C. M. killed in action on October 12, 1917. Gorman, Thomas C., Lieut., Canadian Engineers, killed in France, Mar. 18, 1918. Hague, William, 1st Lieut., Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps, died in active service, Jan. 1,, 1918. Hall, William T., Capt., Royal Flying Corps, killed in action, May 19, 1917.

Jan 11, 1918

By E. T. Dumble

The domes of the Texas coastal plain are structural features, consisting of bosses or stocks of salt, gypsum or anhydrite, or of combinations of these, intruding into and occurring in connection with broken and uplifted sedimentary beds of Cretaceous and Tertiary age. Some of these domes show on the surface as mounds of greater or less elevation, while others are only known from drilling records. They may be divided into two classes: interior domes and coastal domes. The interior domes include those which occur in a zone 40 to 50 miles in width lying immediately east of the Cretaceous-Tertiary contact, and extending from the Sabine to the Colorado. With a single exception, these domes, so far as now known, occur in approximate alignment with the contact, but at irregular intervals. East of the Brazos, the domes are entirely surrounded by Eocene sediments. The coastal domes are found nearer the Gulf, lying entirely within Neocene territory and stretching from the Rio Grande to the Sabine. They are much more numerous than the interior domes, and, apparently, are ranged along several lines having a general northeast-southwest direction. No domes are known in the Oligocene belt. INTERIOR DOMES The interior domes so far, identified are Butler's, in Leon county, Palestine and Keechi in Anderson county, Brooks and Steen in Smith county, and Grand Saline in Van Zandt. In connection with these interior domes we must also consider the Sabine Peninsula,. of Harris, which is, without question, genetically connected with them. The Palestine and Keechi domes have been described recently by 0. B. Hopkins,1 who gives a clear idea of their corn position and structure. Others have been described at different times, and an excellent resume of the literature is given by De Golyer.2 _

Jan 10, 1918

W. ROWLAND Cox,* New York, N. Y. (written discussion?).-The process described by Mr. Malcolmson undoubtedly represents a great stride toward conservation of our natural resources. Without discussing the subject from an economic standpoint, I wish further to emphasize the fundamental principles of the Smith process in order that its economic value may be fully appreciated. The process is essentially a means of producing an ideal fuel, as regards its combustion qualities, by the removal of the so-called volatile matter from the coal, in the form of byproducts, which have value for other purposes far in excess of their fuel value. In other words, coals which contain. large amounts of gas, tar, and ammonia, and are not suitable for domestic or industrial fuel, or for treatment in byproduct coke ovens or gas retorts; because they possess poor coking qualities, can he prepared for commercial use by the. Smith process with a very high degree of efficiency. Much work has been done along this line, both in this country and in Europe, in developing a means of preparing coal, as the economic advantages have long been recognized. To the best of my knowledge, the Smith process is the only one that has proved its commercial adaptability. Distillation of coal at 900° to 1000° F. (480° to 540° C.) yields a large amount of tar and oils. The residue of the distillation, however, is a very friable semi-coke, wholly unsuitable for use as a fuel, unless it can be charged directly into a byproduct gas producer. The problem which confronted the inventor was then to convert this carbon residue into a commercial product, and it is in this step that the Smith process has overcome the obstacles which prevented a number of other methods from becoming commercially practicable.

Jan 10, 1918

By W. Tovote

THIS paper is based upon 12 years' experience in the Southwest, including three years that were spent in constant traveling as examining engineer for the Phelps-Dodge Corporation. The material was gathered during rather extensive work in Bisbee, Clifton-Morenci, Globe, and Tombstone, and also on short and rapid trips into most of the mining camps and prospect fields of New Mexico, Arizona, the desert country of California, and as much of Sonora as was safe at the time. My methods of observation and my deductions are not put forward as new or scientific; they are simply rough field methods, based upon short notes, rough sketches, and largely upon memory, which I have found useful for coordinating geological data for the purpose of passing quick judgment on mining possibilities in certain districts exhibiting uniform characteristics. The opportunities for observation have been better these last few years than ever before, clue to the unprecedented activity in mining, which has caused the reopening of hundreds of old mines and the starting of even more numerous prospects all over the mining States. POSSIBLE SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION By Geological Provinces There are a number of well defined geological provinces in the territory under discussion, and a study of their individual features is of interest. The following are a few of those that axe most striking in their uniformity. 1. The "Desert province," extending roughly from. Wickenburg, Ariz., to and beyond Barstow, Cal. In its north-south extent it reaches up to the Colorado River and clown into Sonora, but overlaps other provinces. It is characterized by a worn-down basement of schistose and granitic rocks, on which rest remnants of Paleozoic and pre-Paleozoic sediments, including very old limestones. The sediments are disrupted and contorted. Alteration in the mineralized areas is very prominent, especially in the schists and limestones. Cenozoic volcanic rocks, principally of semi-basic composition, have been intruded into this complex and sometimes cover it as lava flows.

Jan 10, 1918

The United States Employment Office of the Department of Labor, of which the division of engineering and education, under the direction of A. H. Krom, maintains an office at 29 La Salle Street, Chicago, Ill., is engaged in a classification of engineers in order to make their services more readily available in case of need. We have received a form used by this division, on which it requires only a very little time to indicate one's particular line of work, his experience and the salary that he desires. We have been asked to impress upon members of the Institute the distinct advantages that come through registration. Filling out the blank entitles an engineer to free employment service, provides him with direct contact with the Government, supplies him with information in regard to engineering affairs, and helps him to become successful in his profession. The Government wishes every technical man to register, so that it may know the strength and location of the engineering reserve. It is therefore the duty of every patriotic engineer, whether he needs a position or not, to register at once. Blanks can be obtained by addressing the office above noted.

Jan 10, 1918

SIR ROBERT HADFIELD, London, England (written discussion*).-We have in the past known so little about tungsten that an important paper such as Mr. Zay Jeffries contributes is most welcome. I have not much personal knowledge on the subject except as regards combinations of iron with tungsten. I put forward the results of my research on natural alloys in 1903,1 and so far as I know the facts there presented still stand. Singular to say, tungsten added to iron affects the electrical resistance less than any other added element. The following tables taken from research work by myself and Sir William Barrett may be of interest.

Jan 10, 1918

September 1 to 6, 1918 COMMITTEE IN CHARGE Spencer Penrose, Chairman. George M. Taylor, Vice-Chairman. A. E. Carlton, Chairman. Finance Committee J. Dawson Hawkins, Secretary DENVER COLORADO SPRINGS CRIPPLE CREEK Finance Finance Thomas B. Crowe T. B. Stearns A. E. Canton , E. P. Arthur, Jr. Richard A. Parker Spencer Penrose N. S. Greensfelder T. B. Burbridge George M. Taylor A. E. Carlton. A. L. Blomfield, Treasurer B. F. Hill Arrangement I F. G. Willis Dave G. Miller Registration Norris E. Eads Frank Bulkley Loren C. Lennox 1V. E. Ryan Geo. E. Collins Horace F. Lunt Fred Jones .1. M. Tippett F. D. Smale Entertainment J. H. Haynes F. H. Bostwick Arrangement and Entertainment L. W. Lennox F. E. Shepard George M. Taylor A. L. Blomfield M. R.. Valentine Howland Bancroft J. D. Hawkins Thomas B. Crowe B. P. Morse A. E. Carlton E. P. Arthur J. G. Perry G. H. Clevenger Etienne A. Ritter Ladies Ladies , PUEBLO Mrs. T. B. Stearns, Mrs. C. M. Taylor, Mrs. C. H. Clevenger J. F. Welborn Chairman. Chairman H. B. Carpenter Mrs. C. Loughridge Mrs. S.-Penrose Mrs. A. E. Carlton L. B. Eames Mrs. H. Bancroft Mrs. J. D. Hawkins Mrs. A. L. Blomfield F. Robinson Mrs. G. Bancroft Mrs. L. C. Lennox Mrs. J. M. Tippett . Mrs. W. D. Leonard Mrs. H. F. Lunt -Mrs. E. C. van Diest Mrs. C. Chase Mrs. E. A. Ritter Mrs. AV. Strieby Mrs. F. H. Bostwick Mrs. L. S. Harner Mrs. C. L. Bailey Mrs. F. Bulkley Miss F. Dickerman Mrs. E. P. Shove Mrs. C. L. Tutt Mrs. F. C. Peck Mrs. F. D. Pastorius

Jan 10, 1918

GERARD B. ROSENBLATT,* Salt Lake City, Utah (written discussion?). -Mr. Eschholz attacks this problem from what appears to me to be the proper angle. He does not limit his viewpoint to the attainment of ideal results under conditions approximating laboratory practice, but rather discusses actual commercial conditions that must be maintained in large-scale operations, where continuity of service without expert attendance is one of the prime considerations. I am of the opinion that Mr. Eschholz has not given sufficient consideration to the commercial possibilities of what he describes as System B, the use of low-tension a.-c. industrial or lighting circuits for supplying power to Cottrell treaters through the medium of a step-up transformer and a synchronously driven rectifier, without the use of motor-generators. It is true that, to date, few installations on a large scale have used this system, but I believe that when the conditions of power supply are suitable, and when proper precautions are taken, this system can be used successfully and to advantage. where at present it is considered necessary to use motor-generator sets. In the average commercial Cottrell installation of any size, the motor-generator set is used for two purposes: (1) To isolate the industrial supply circuit from the Cottrell circuit. (2) To. afford, an easily operated and smooth system of control for the Cottrell treater voltage With proper engineering, both of these objects can be accomplished without the use of motor-generator sets.

Jan 10, 1918

The 118th, meeting of the Institute, which has been arranged primarily for the benefit of the Institute of Metals Division and of those members who are particularly interested in iron and steel, will be held in the Milwaukee Auditorium, Milwaukee, Wis., on Oct. 8 to 11, 1918. This date has been selected because at that time, and at the same place, the American Foundrymen's Association and the American Malleable Castings Association will hold meetings. A notable exhibit of metallurgical and mechanical processes and products, at which over 165 firms will be represented, has been arranged in Machinery Hall, of the Auditorium Building. Wherever practicable, the machinery will be in operation. The program of the Institute's sessions was published in Bulletin 141. A special announcement of the meeting, together with a program of the sessions of the American Foundrymen's Association, has been mailed to every member who was thought to be directly interested in the meeting. A report of the meeting-and of the discussion of papers will be printed in the December Bulletin.

Jan 10, 1918

C. Q. PAYNE, New York, N. Y. (written discussion*).-The method adopted by Mr. Lennox is a very interesting test of the practical application of Mr. Gates' crushing-surface diagram to a greet variety of gold and copper ores. His method of dealing with the material below 200-mesh is also a distinct contribution to the subject, although, as he suggests, it seems likely that some microscopic measurement of this material may be advisable before the mesh reciprocals of its group particles can be dealt with as accurately as can those coarser than 200-mesh. In examining the general results shown in Table 3, it is somewhat puzzling to perceive why Calumet &, Hecla jig tails should show a crushing resistance 3 - times greater than that of the ore from the Ray Consolidated copper mine. The latter is, I believe, an altered. Pinal schist

Jan 10, 1918

No. 345.-Assayer. A man 35 years old, or over, experienced in general mineral assaying, particularly of tin and tungsten ores. To locate in Bolivia with a strongly established house. No. 346.-A firm of consulting and managing engineers, having charge of certain coal-mine properties in Illinois, requires the services of the following: (a) Mine transitman, who has had underground experience and is capable of making accurate surveys. Salary $150 per month to start. (b) Mining engineer, possessing strong personality, and experienced both in surface and underground work, who is capable of taking complete charge of several coal properties. Salary $175 per month. (c) Four rodmen for mine surveying. Salary $85 per month to start. Candidates for the above positions should be able to report to the company's Illinois office at once. No. 347.-A South African development company will shortly require the services of a mill superintendent, who has :a general knowledge .of concentration, particularly of flotation, and is able to take charge of a copper concentrator treating 15,000 tons per month and employing 200 natives and a small number of white men. Salary is £60 per month to start, and the company supplies an unfurnished room or house, including free light, free water and free sanitary service, together with one native house servant. I A contract will be made for six months, and notice of three months by either party will be required to terminate the engagement after six months. An allowance of £75 for travelling expenses will be paid on arrival in South Africa to a single man, or £125 to a man who brings his family. Salary begins upon arrival

Jan 10, 1918

Between July 10 and August 15, 1918, the Secretary of United Engineering Society, of Engineering Foundation, and of Engineering Council visited 17 cities which are headquarters for large numbers of engineers. His mission was to tell men in all branches of the profession about "Centralized Activities of National Engineering Societies." Stops were made at Denver, Salt Lake City, Reno, San Francisco, Sacramento, Portland, Seattle, Spokane, Anaconda, Butte, Duluth,

Jan 10, 1918

For the year ending February, 1919 PRESIDENT SIDNEY .J. JENNINGS NEW YORK, N. Y. PAST PRESIDENTS L. D. RICKETTS, NEW YORK, N. Y. PHILIP N. MOORE, ST.Louis, Mo. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT C. W. GOODALE BUTTE, MONT. TREASURER GEORGE C. STONE, : NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY' EMERITUS ROSSITER W. RAYMOND NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY BRADLEY STOUGHTON, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 10, 1918

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period Aug. 10. 1918, to Sept. 10, 1918. BATCHELOR,. HARRY D., Laboratory Director, National Carbon Co., Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. BROWNING, C. P., Gen'I Supt., Britannia Min. & Smelt. Co., Ltd., Britannia Beach, B. C., Canada. COMSTOCK, GEORGE F., Met., Chg. of Physical Test Laboratory, Titanium Alloy Mfg. Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. CONCKLIN, BERT M Chief Engr., Arthur lron Mill. Co., Hibbing, Minn. COWAN, W. A., Asst. Chief Chem., National Lead Co., 129 York St., Brooklyn, N. Y. DAVIDSON, PHILIP Met., Scovill Mfg. Co., Waterbury, Conn. DAVIS, Louis L., Mgr. & Treas., Commonwealth Min. Co., 911 Foster Bldg., Denver, Colo. DAY, P. W Chem. Engr., Western Cartridge Co., 207 E. 12th St., Alton, Ill. DECKER, HAROLD DEBIT, Co. A, 27th Engineers, A. P. 0. 714, A. E. F., Care Postmaster, N. Y.

Jan 10, 1918

The U. S. Navy Department has perfected plans for the enrollment and training of considerable numbers of engineering officers. A school for this purpose, the U. S. Navy Steam Engineering School, has been established by the Department at Hoboken, N. J. The school is open to men between the ages of 21 and 40 who meet the physical requirements of the Navy, who are of thorough ability and officer-like character and who have completed the mechanical or electrical engineering course at certain recognized technical schools, or who possess an education and experience adjudged to be an equivalent thereof. Enrollment in the U. Naval Reserve Force of men properly qualified may be made at any Naval enrolling office, notation being made of the applicant's qualifications and desire to be detailed to this school. Applicants will be enrolled as Chief Machinist Mates, and during the course of instruction will draw the pay of this rating, $83 per month, plus $60 per month paid as subsistence. Upon graduation, men will be commissioned as Ensigns in the U. S. Naval Reserve, with a salary of $1700 per year. The duty to which a graduate of this school will be assigned will be that of an engineer officer in the auxiliary service of the Navy. Special provision has been made for the continuance of the school with proper material by a Navy regulation which permits undergraduates of the Freshman, Sophomore, and Junior Classes in recognized engineering schools to enroll in the Naval Reserve Force with the rating of Seaman 2d Class, and continue their courses at the institutions where they have matriculated. Such men will be called into active service after their graduation, and can at that time, if they are qualified to pass an officers' physical examination, apply for admission to the U. S. Navy Steam Engineering School. Men who are registered in the draft, either graduates or undergraduates, may enroll with the proper enrolling officer by securing from their draft board a letter of release, which in all probability can be obtained for this purpose. The aim of this school is not simply to produce engineers, but to produce naval engineering officers in the true sense of the word. The course of instruction covers a period of five months, arranged in four periods.

Jan 10, 1918

No. 484.-A mining engineer and geologist of long and varied experience in North and South America is open for an engagement. Exploration and development work preferred. Rare minerals a specialty. No. 485.-Member, mining engineer, technical graduate, married, age 28, exempt, with 9 years experience at gold and silver, copper, lead, and coal mines, 4 years with present employers, is open for engagement as mine superintendent or foreman, or in charge of cyanide plant. Boston or New York interview after Oct. 10. Present position, day foreman at producing gold-silver mine in Montana. References. No. 486.-Member, age 34, married, varied experience in iron, copper, nickel, talc, etc., principally as surveyor, mine and surface geologist, and superintendent of explorations, is open for engagement. Preference, connection with some eastern consulting engineer or firm of engineers. No. 487.-Member, mine superintendent, 18 years' experience in the West and in the Lake Superior districts. Thorough business and technical training. Personal interview, preferably Chicago.

Jan 10, 1918