Kinetics of CuO dissolution in different organic acids under rotating-disc geometry

Many base metals, such as copper, lead and zinc, are commercially extracted by thermal processing of sulphide concentrates. However, owing to the depletion of high grade sulphide ore reserves and to environmental legislation, efforts have been in progress for some years to develop methods for the extraction of metals from lower-grade oxide ores and secondary resources, and there are now examples of commercial-scale operations.