Influence of the Areal Density of Layers in the Ballistic Response of a Multilayered Armor System Using Box-Behnken Statistical Design

Several works have been dedicated to study the ballistic response of multilayered armor systems (MAS), including those using natural fiber composites as second layer. These composites disclosed good ballistic performance, having economic and environmental advantages. In the present work, the objective was to investigate the effect of areal densities of each MAS layer, in the overall performance of a MAS with an alumina ceramic front, a curaua fabric reinforced composite filling, and an aluminum alloy backing the target. Ballistic “backface signature” tests were conducted, varying the areal densities of the MAS layers according to a Box-Behnken design. The results showed a similar influence of the ceramic and aluminum layers in the MAS “backface signatures”, although deformation and failure mechanisms were significantly different. The composite also showed significant participation in the overall MAS performance. Since the composite is cheaper and lighter, a balance minimizing the other layers would be advantageous.