Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) Quality Assessment Using Real-Time Operational Parameters Data

Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) is a well-established ground improvement technique renowned for its efficacy. It has been widely adopted due to its robustness and effectiveness in stabilizing weak or soft soils, thereby enhancing its applicability across various engineering applications. Traditionally, the quality assessment of Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) columns is reliant on post-curing coring test. Thus, it will not be able to give any indication on strength and permeability until later stage of curing, when coring tests are conducted. This delayed QA/QC hinders quick remediation when unsatisfactory strength or permeability values are obtained. This study advocates a proactive quality assessment methodology of the DCM columns, right from the initiation of the DCM process. On one hand, this approach provides an early warning which prompts for early intervention. On the other, this approach also allows for an early confirmation of the acceptance of the completed works. In addition, this approach can also reduce the number of coring tests needed. The proposed assessment methodology leverages real-time data of various operational parameters during the construction of each and every individual DCM column. By scrutinizing critical operational parameters, such as drilling rate, injection method and pattern (i.e. penetration or withdrawal injection), slurry flow rate, mixing duration, and termination criteria, extracted from real-time operational process, this study endeavours to establish correlations indicative of columns’ quality. Hence, the goal is to develop predictive models capable of pre-emptively gauging the quality of strength and permeability improvements, without the need of prolonged curing and coring test (or reduce the number). The meticulous analysis of these parameters serves as a benchmark to gauge the quality of the DCM columns constructed against predetermined design specifications.