Chemical And Physical Variables In Polymer-Induced Flocculation

The flocculation of fine-particle suspensions by polymers is a nonequilibrium process whose performance is strongly influenced by physical as well as chemical variables. A standardized test procedure has been developed that provides quantitatively reproducible measurements of process performance in terms of the floc settling rate, supernatant turbidity and sediment compressibility. The procedure provides information on the development of flocs in response to polymer addition and on their degradation behavior during subsequent handling. Extensive experimental observations using a variety of solids and flocculant types have been used to develop criteria for reagent selection and process design. It is shown that the appropriate choice of reagent(s) is determined primarily by chemical factors (solid type, solution chemistry, etc.). However, actual performance depends more on physical variables, such as agitation intensity and the rate of flocculant addition. Some general guidelines for flocculant selection and process design in industrial applications are suggested.